Alpha GPC (99%), mannitol, vegetable cellulose capsule (HPMC), silicon dioxide, Magnesium stearate, vitamin B12

[1] University of Granada. - Vitamin B: Choline intake improves memory and attention-holding capacity – ScienceDaily 11 July 2013.

[2] Barbagallo Sangiorgi G, Barbagallo M, Giordano M, et al. Alpha-glycerophosphocholine in the mental recovery of cerebral ischemic attacks: An Italian multicenter clinical trial. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1994;717:253-69.

[3] Steven Zeisel – The fetal origins of memory: the role of dietary choline in optimal brain development - Journal of Paediatrics 2006 November 149 (5) S131

[4] Lopez CM, Govoni S, Battaini F, Bergamaschi S, Longoni A, Giaroni C. Effect of a new cognition enhancer, alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine, on scopolamine-induced amnesia and brain acetylcholine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1991 Aug;39(4):835-40.

[5] Gatti G, Barzaghi N, Acuto G, et al. A comparative study of free plasma choline levels following intramuscular administration of L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine and citocoline in normal volunteers. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1992;30:331-5.

[6] Trabucchi M, Govoni S, Battaini F. Changes in the interaction between CNS cholinergic and dopaminergic neurons induced by L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine, a cholinomimetic drug.Farmaco [Sci] 1986 Apr;41(4):325-34

[7] Vega JA, Cavallotti C, del Valle ME, Mancini M, Amenta F. Nerve growth factor receptor immunoreactivity in the cerebellar cortex of aged rats: effect of choline alfoscerate treatment. Mech Ageing Dev 1993 Jun;69(1-2):119-27.

[8] Amenta F, Ferrante F, Vega JA, Zaccheo D.Long term choline alfoscerate treatment counters age-dependent microanatomical changes in rat brain. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 1994 Sep;18(5):915-24.

[9] Amenta F et al Age-related structural changes in the rat cerebellar cortex: effect of choline alfoscerate treatment. Mech Ageing Dev 1991 Dec 2;61(2):173-86

[10] Hayarelis Moreno et al - Chronic dietary choline supplementation modulates attentional change in adult rats Behavioural Brain Research Volume 243 15th 2013

[11] Steven Zeisel - Nutrition in pregnancy: the argument for including a source of choline International Journal for Womens Health 2013; 5 193-199

[12] Mihai D Niculescu - Perintal Choline Influences Brain Structure and Function – Nutrition Review 2006 April 64 (4) 197-203

[13] Steven Zeisel - Is maternal diet supplementation beneficial? Optimal development of infant depends on mother's diet – The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2009 February: 89(2) 685-687

[14] Abbiati, G.; Fossati, T.; Arrigoni, M.; Rolle, P.; Dognini, G. L.;Castiglioni, C. High-performance liquid chromatographic assay of L-alpha-glycerophosphorylcholine using a two-step enzymatic conversion. J. Chromatogr. Biomed. Applic., in press; 1991.

[15] Maria Moreno - Cognitive improvement in mild to moderate Alzheimer's dementia after treatment with the acetylcholine precursor choline alfoscerate: A multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial Journal of Clinical Therapeutics 2003 Vol 25

[16] Drago F et al. Behavioral effects of L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine: influence on cognitive mechanisms in the rat. Pharmacol Biochem Behav1992 Feb;41(2):445-8.

[17] Schettini G, et al Molecular mechanisms mediating the effects of L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine, a new cognition-enhancing drug, on behavioral and biochemical parameters in young and aged rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1992 Sep;43(1):139-51.

[18] Lopez CM et al Effect of a new cognition enhancer, alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine, on scopolamine-induced amnesia and brain acetylcholine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1991 Aug;39(4):835-40.

[19] Amenta F et al cholinergic receptors in the hippocampus of aged rats: influence of choline alphoscerate treatment. Mech Ageing Dev 1994 Oct 1;76(1):49-64

[20] Amenta F, et al Cholinergic neurotransmission in the hippocampus of aged rats: influence of L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine treatment. Ann N Y Acad Sci1993 Sep 4;695:311-3

[21] Bronzetti E et al Effect of ipsilateral lesioning of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis and of L-alpha-glyceryl phosphorylcholine treatment on choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase in the rat fronto-parietal cortex. Neurosci Lett1993 Dec 24;164(1-2):47-50

[22] R. Di Perri et al A multicentre trial to evaluate the efficacy & tolerability of Alpha GPC versus CDP in patients with vascular Dementia - Journal of International Medical Research 1991 July Vol; 19 issue 4 330-341