Cognizance bundle

1. How/when do I take them?

Take 1 omega 3 DHA capsule per day with water.

Take 1 Alpha GPC capsule per day with food. Ideally in the morning , at lunch or before starting work.

2. Could i be deficient in omega 3 or choline?

The UK & US have very low levels of DHA due to the western diet [9]. 68% of U.S. adults & 95% of children, do not consume enough Omega 3 in their diet to meet U.S. Dietary Guidelines [9]. Only 25% [10] of the UK population consume oily fish. The recommendation is 2 portions of fish per week [at least one should be oily]

In 2014 the US National Centers for Disease Control and Prevention claimed that 90% of Americans are not getting enough choline in their diet. US Adequate Intake levels for men are 550mg/day and for women 425mg/day. In the EU it’s 480mg/day for pregnant women and 520mg/day for lactating women.

3.How long does it take to have an effect?

High-dose supplementation of DHA has been shown to begin increasing DHA levels after a month and maintain the levels throughout the supplementation period[11]

When orally ingested Alpha GPC it shows a relative spike in acetylcholine 1-3 hours post-ingestion. [12]

4. Are there any side effects?

There are no reported side effects for Algal Omega 3 containing 500mg DHA. Alpha GPC is safe when taken at the recommended dose. It is not recommended to exceed the stated dose. At higher than recommended doses a small number of people may experience side effects such as headaches or dizziness.

5. Is it safe to take Omega 3 DHA with Alpha GPC ?

You can use Omega 3 DHA and Alpha GPC together. They work on different chemical pathways and they do not contraindicate. There may be a synergistic benefit of taking them in combination however, the synergistic benefit at these specific mg dosages hasn't been studied in clinical trial.

Omega 3 DHA : algal oil (schizochytrium sp), antioxidant (mixed tocopherols) capsule [ starch, humectant (glycerol) & purified water]

Alpha GPC : Alpha GPC (99%), mannitol, vegetable cellulose capsule (HPMC), silicon dioxide, Magnesium stearate, vitamin B12

[1] Ramanujan, K. (2022). Choline makes key nutrient available for baby development. Cornell Chronicle. https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2022/05/choline-makes-key-nutrient-available-baby-development#:~:text=The%20findings%20show%20that%20choline,the%20tissues%2C%20including%20the%20placenta

[2] Bortz, J. (2021). Is There a Relationship Between Choline and DHA? xeragenx. https://www.xeragenx.com/article/is-there-a-relationship-between-choline-and-dha

[3] McFadden, J. W. (2018). The Synergy of Choline and Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Optimized Transition Cow Nutrition: A Hypothesis. 2018 Cornell Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers, 62–79.

[4] Ly, R., MacIntyre, B. C., Philips, S. M., McGlory, C., Mutch, D. M., & Britz-McKibbin, P. (2023). Lipidomic Studies Reveal Specific Circulating Phosphatidylcholines as Surrogate Biomarkers of Omega-3 Index. Journal of Lipid Research, 100445.

[5] Li, J., Jian, Y., Liu, R., Zhao, X., Mao, J., Wei, W., Jiang, C., Zhang, L., Wang, Y., & Zhou, P. (2023). Choline and Fish Oil Can Improve Memory of Mice through Increasing Brain DHA Level. Foods, 12(9), 1799.

[6] European Food Safety Authority - DHA and improvement of memory function: 2016 Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 EFSA Journal, 14(5)

[7] Stonehouse et al - DHA supplementation improved both memory and reaction time in healthy young adults: a randomized controlled trial - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

[8] Leckie et al - The effects of omega-3 fatty acids on neuropsychological functioning and brain morphology in mid-life adults: a randomized clinical trial - Psychological Medicine volume 50 issue 14 October 2019

[9] Murphy et al (2021). Long-chain omega-3 fatty acid serum concentrations across life stages in the USA: An analysis of NHANES 2011–2012. BMJ Open, 11(5), e043301.

[10] Derbyshire et al - Oily Fish and Omega-3s Across the Life Stages: A Focus on Intakes and Future Directions. 2019 Frontiers in Nutrition, 6, 165

[11] Dagai et al DHA Significantly Stimulates Immediate Early Response Genes and Neurite Outgrowth 2009 Neurochemical Research 34(5), 867–875.

[12] Schettini G, et al Molecular mechanisms mediating the effects of L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine, a new cognition-enhancing drug, on behavioral and biochemical parameters in young and aged rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1992 Sep;43(1):139-51.